Situation #1
Imagine a couple where the husband is low paid, alcoholic and abusive and the mom is a heroine junkie. They have low education and low intelligence/planning. She accidently gets pregnant and smokes during pregnancy. A child has been born in very bad circumstances and in bad situation. The cause of the problems of the parents is partly genetic, which means this kid will also inherent not optimal genes. He will be brought up in a not optimal education, even though he actually needs extra support and education because of situation.
The childs circumstances demand above average support, but he will get below average support, which will exacerbate the problems. He will get kids on his own who will propagate this problem, in a way a vicious circle started with bad parenting and bad upbringing.
This is obviously a very extreme case which is rare in developed countries, however along the spectrum there will be examples that are more common.
Situation #2
Compare this to two parents who are both highly educated and well paying jobs. They are healthy and planned & prepared to get a child. The mother refrains from any unhealthy behaviour as good as she can around the pregnancy and she goes to the check ups as planned. Because of their wealth they buy lots of good material for the baby, to create a good environment to grow up. Baby grows up and inherents good genes that partly explain the parents succes. At this headstart he even may enjoy even more oppurtinities that his parents create with their wealth and intelligence. Even though the baby already had a headstart, he will get above average support and thus enters a virtuous circle of parenting.
These are examples on the opposite of the spectrum, but I think that is important to make sure that everyone gets to the good side of the spectrum. This will only compound and create more families on the right side of the spectrum.