Understanding entropy

How to understand entropy:

Imagine solving a rubix cube. But you can only do randomly determined moves. Most of the time the Rubix cube is scrambled, but if you wait long enough it will be solved. This is also how entropy works. It also implies why the most often stated law (everything will decay) is wrong.

ABCDE of Anaphylaxis

A: You hear stridor, you see swelling of tung and lip and possible face. No CWK trauma

B: You hear wheezing, low saturation, tachypnea, cyanosis

C: Red, Fast capillary refill, weak pulsations in case in shock

Tachycardia, hypotension

No signs of bleeding

D: If extremely bad: low EMV

E: Exanthema, hives

Treatment:

Call anesthesiologist and intensivist to standy for emergency intubation

  • Adrenalin 0.5 mg IM, can be repeated every 15 mins
  • Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV
  • Clemastine (Tavegyl) 2 mg IV, can be repeated every 15 mins.

Combivent inhalation

Max Infusion of salt water

How to spot a Dissection

Presenting symptoms: thoracic pain radiating between scapulae

Medical History Risk factors:

  • Hypertension
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Smoking/Alcohol/Cocaine use
  • Aneurysm
  • Recent Cardiothoracic surgery
  • Bicuspid Aortic Valve
  • Coartatio
  • Collagen disease, Marfan/Ehler-Danlos
  • Vasculitis

Clinical history: acute ripping or tearing sensation in the thorax or abdomin, with pain radiating to the back. 10% of patients do not have complaints! People are dyspnoiec and can have neurological symptoms (loss of muscle function).

Medical examination:

  • >20 mm Hg difference in SBP between arms
  • Diastolic murmur because of Aortic Insufficiency
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Tamponade
  • Neurological deficit

Laboratory examination:

  • Low D-dimer excludes aorta
  • Cardial enzymes elevated

Radiological examination:

  • X-thorax: broad mediastinum, pleural fluid, cardiomegaly
  • CT-angio thorax: dissection
  • Echo -cardiography: aortic valve insufficency

Differential diagnosis: ACS, PE, CVA, pericarditis, pancreatitis, oesofagus rupture and more

Treatment:

  • Type A: Cardiothoracic surgery
  • Type B: Normotension, with Beta Blockers IV

Always suspect a Dissection when you find a patient with cardial symtpoms and neurological symptoms.

Gravity

  1. Time moves faster for your head than for your toes.
  2. The law of Cosmic Laziness states that objects want to move slowest possible through time

Thus you get pushed towards earth, i.e. you feel gravity